# Demographics → MI Index (mi_index)

| Variable | MI (Z only) | MI (Z+ctrl) | MI (Z+ctrl+int) |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|
| Z_1 | 0.1578 | 0.1383 | 0.1452 |
| | (0.1860) | (0.2545) | (0.2627) |
| Z_2 | -0.0294 | -0.0140 | -0.0210 |
| | (0.0292) | (0.0388) | (0.0407) |
| Z_3 | 0.0012 | 0.0003 | 0.0008 |
| | (0.0012) | (0.0016) | (0.0017) |
| fiscal_bal_gdp | | 0.0008 | 0.0009 |
| | | (0.0006) | (0.0006) |
| nfa_gdp_lag | | 0.0054 | 0.0065 |
| | | (0.0049) | (0.0049) |
| rgdp_growth | | 0.0003 | 0.0003 |
| | | (0.0004) | (0.0004) |
| log_rel_opw | | -0.0307*** | -0.0329*** |
| | | (0.0096) | (0.0095) |
| kaopen | | -0.0167*** | -0.0340*** |
| | | (0.0041) | (0.0064) |
| Z_1_x_kaopen | | | 0.0878 |
| | | | (0.1498) |
| Z_2_x_kaopen | | | -0.0122 |
| | | | (0.0231) |
| Z_3_x_kaopen | | | 0.0004 |
| | | | (0.0010) |
|:---|---:|---:|---:|
| N | 7263 | 4101 | 4101 |
| R² | 0.0375 | 0.1392 | 0.1587 |
| Countries | 154 | 143 | 143 |

*Standard errors in parentheses.*
*\*p<0.1, \*\*p<0.05, \*\*\*p<0.01*